El Papa Francisco y Cirilo (Kirill), el patriarca de la Iglesia Ortodoxa Rusa, se reunieron hoy en Cuba para hablar sobre los destinos del mundo. Resulta instructivo ver cómo se trata la noticia en dos medios globales: uno dirigido al público de habla hispana, el otro a una audiencia mayoritariamente anglosajona. En el primer caso (el diario español El País) se tergiversa el significado del hecho haciéndole creer a la gente que la reunión permitirá una "reconciliación" religiosa (algo ridículo: ninguno plantea la unificación de ambas iglesias, y hace 500 años que dejaron de pelearse). En el segundo caso (el New York Times) el diario del Imperio echa espuma por la boca mientras hace creer a su público que el encuentro sirve para "darle aire a la aislada Rusia" (otra nube de pedos de Occidente, el "aislamiento" ruso). En fin, pasen y vean:
Título: El Papa y el patriarca ruso inician en Cuba la reconciliación de católicos y ortodoxos
Subtítulo: Es la primera reunión en la historia de los líderes de ambas Iglesias, separadas en 1054
Texto: La sala de espera de un aeropuerto lejano. Tras un milenio de desencuentros, el papa de la Iglesia católica y el patriarca de la Iglesia ortodoxa rusa —conscientes ambos del poder de los símbolos— decidieron que su abrazo histórico se produjese en un lugar abonado por la alegría de los reencuentros y la tristeza de las despedidas. En el aeropuerto de La Habana, y con Raúl Castro de testigo,Francisco y Cirilo pusieron la primera piedra para conjurar las diferencias entre católicos y ortodoxos iniciadas en el siglo IV y que desembocaron en el cisma de 1054.
Además de limar las viejas rencillas, el Papa y el Patriarca tienen un motivo urgente para trabajar juntos: la brutal persecución, casi un genocidio, que sufren los cristianos en Oriente Medio y el norte de África requiere que tanto Francisco como Cirilo utilicen su gran influencia política a favor de la estabilidad en la zona.
“En la situación trágica actual”, advirtió el metropolita Hilarión, el actual encargado del diálogo con los católicos, “hay que dejar de lado las diferencias internas y unir fuerzas para salvar a los cristianos en las regiones donde son perseguidos cruelmente”.
De ahí que el éxito del encuentro haya sido mimado por ambas partes hasta casi la paranoia. El mejor ejemplo es que el texto de la declaración conjunta fue guardado por los responsables del Vaticano bajo un cofre con siete cerrojos por temor a que una filtración —fortuita o mal intencionada— pudiese dar al traste con el encuentro. Es costumbre de la sala de prensa del Vaticano facilitar la labor de los periodistas anticipándoles los discursos del Papa con el compromiso de no hacerlos públicos hasta el momento de ser pronunciados.
Sin embargo, con la declaración conjunta se prefirió no arriesgar. No en vano, ya en los tiempos de Juan Pablo II y Alejo II también se llegó a hablar de un encuentro inminente en un país neutral que, finalmente, no se celebró. Bien es cierto que tanto el talante de Francisco como el de su “hermano Cirilo” —así lo llamó este viernes durante el vuelo papal— han logrado blindar el encuentro. De hecho, ya en 2014, Jorge Mario Bergoglio desveló durante su visita a Turquía que las negociaciones iban por buen camino: “Le he hecho saber [al patriarca ruso], y él también está de acuerdo, la voluntad de que nos reunamos. Le he dicho: yo voy a donde tú quieras: tú me llamas, y yo voy. Y él tiene la misma intención. Los dos queremos reunirnos, y queremos caminar hacia delante”.
El patriarca ruso llegó a La Habana el jueves y, como sucedió la tarde de este viernes con Francisco, fue recibido por Raúl Castro. También el presidente de Cuba contribuyó a que el recibimiento fuese idéntico para los dos líderes. Hasta su encuentro en el aeropuerto José Martí se programó de tal manera que los dos líderes religiosos entrasen “contemporáneamente” —según se lee en el programa oficial elaborado por el Vaticano— en la sala, acompañado Cirilo por el metropolita Hilarión y Francisco por el cardenal Kurt Koch.
Católicos y ortodoxos
Las viejas diferencias entre católicos y ortodoxos se acrecentaron al desaparecer la Unión Soviética y, de hecho, Juan Pablo II murió sin poder realizar su anhelada visita a Rusia por sus desencuentros con Alejo II. Aunque esa desconfianza extrema ha desaparecido entre Francisco y Cirilo, el patriarca sí estableció una “línea roja” para aceptar el encuentro: que la reunión no se celebrara en Europa por ser “el continente donde sucedieron los acontecimientos que causaron la trágica división de los cristianos entre Oriente y Occidente, y porque Europa está relacionada con la memoria de muchos lamentables sucesos”.
De ahí que, aprovechando el origen latinoamericano de Bergoglio, se escogiera una “región donde la cristiandad se desarrolla de forma dinámica”. Cuba reunía todas las ventajas. Por una parte, y como Cirilo destacó nada más llegar, “existe una larga relación de cooperación y amistad” entre la isla y Rusia. Por otra, Francisco y Castro construyeron durante meses, junto a Barack Obama, una alianza que remató con el anuncio del acercamiento de EE UU y Cuba. En pocos meses, Castro se ha convertido en el anfitrión de un abrazo esperado casi mil años entre católicos y ortodoxos. No se sabe si por la intercesión del Che o por la de la Virgen de la Caridad del Cobre, la historia se escribió esta tarde en una sala de espera de un aeropuerto lejano. Y al abrazarse el Papa le dijo a Cirilo: “Finalmente. Somos hermanos”.
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Título: 'Finally:' Pope Meets Russian Orthodox Leader
Texto: HAVANA — With a hug and an exclamation of "Finally!" Pope Francis met Friday with Patriarch Kirill in the first ever meeting between a pontiff and the head of the Russian Orthodox Church, a historic development in the 1,000-year schism that has divided Christianity.
"We are brothers," Francis said as he embraced Kirill in the small, wood-paneled VIP room of Havana's airport, where the three-hour encounter took place.
"Now things are easier," Kirill agreed as he and the pope exchanged three kisses on the cheek. "This is the will of God," the pope said.
Francis was having the brief talks in Cuba before heading off on a five-day visit to Mexico, where the pontiff will bring a message of solidarity with the victims of drug violence, human trafficking and discrimination to some of that country's most violent and poverty-stricken regions.
The meeting and signing of a joint declaration was decades in the making and cemented Francis' reputation as a risk-taking statesman who values dialogue, bridge-building and rapprochement at almost any cost.
Still, while the meeting has been hailed by many as an important ecumenical breakthrough, Francis has also come under criticism for essentially allowing himself to be used by a Russia eager to assert itself among Orthodox Christians and on the world stage at a time when the country is increasingly isolated from the West.
The joint declaration is expected to touch on the single most important issue of shared concern between the Catholic and Orthodox churches today: the plight of Christians in Iraq and Syria who are being killed and driven from their homes by the Islamic State group.
It is being signed in the uniquely ideal location of Cuba: far removed from the Catholic-Orthodox turf battles in Europe, a country that is Catholic and familiar to Latin America's first pope, but equally familiar to the Russian church given its anti-American and Soviet legacy.
The Vatican is hoping the meeting will improve relations with other Orthodox churches and spur progress in dialogue over theological differences that have divided East from West ever since the Great Schism of 1054 split Christianity.
But Orthodox observers say Kirill's willingness to finally meet with a pope has less to do with any new ecumenical impulse than grandstanding within the West and the Orthodox Church at a time when Russia is increasingly under fire from the West over its military actions in Syria and Ukraine. Kirill, a spiritual adviser to Russian President Vladimir Putin, leads the most powerful of the 14 independent Orthodox churches that will meet this summer in Greece in the first such pan-Orthodox synod in centuries.
The Russian church has long sought greater influence over the Ecumenical Patriarch in Istanbul.
"This isn't benevolence. It's not a newfound desire for Christian unity," said George Demacopoulos, the Greek-Orthodox chairman of Orthodox Christian studies at Fordham University in New York. "It is almost entirely about (Kirill) posturing and trying to present himself as the leader of Orthodoxy."
Popes as far back as Paul VI have met with the ecumenical patriarch, who is the "first among equals" in the 250 million-strong Orthodox Church and the only patriarch who can speak for global Orthodoxy. But the Russian Church is the biggest, wealthiest and most powerful in Orthodoxy, and has always kept its distance from Rome.
Catholic and Orthodox split in the Great Schism of 1054 and have remained estranged over a host of issues, including the primacy of the pope and, more recently, Russian Orthodox accusations that the Catholic Church was poaching converts in former Soviet lands. Those tensions have prevented previous popes from ever meeting with the Russian patriarch, even though the Vatican has long insisted that it was merely ministering to tiny Catholic communities.
The most vexing issue in recent times centers on the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, the country's second-largest, which follows eastern church rites but answers to the Holy See. The Russian Orthodox Church has considered western Ukraine its traditional territory and has resented papal influence there.
Cardinal Kurt Koch, the head of the Vatican office that deals with Orthodox relations, said the Ukrainian church will certainly come up in the two-hour private talks between Francis and Kirill.
"I think it would be impossible to meet without discussing such issues," he told Vatican Radio. But he said the future significance of the meeting could not be overstated.
"It will certainly forge relations within Orthodoxy: We still don't have contact with a lot of Orthodox patriarchs, and this meeting could help develop intra-Orthodox relations ahead of the pan-Orthodox council," he said. "Improved understanding between Rome and Moscow will certainly have positive effects on the theological dialogue."
Such hoped-for progress may seem naive, since the Russian church has always been reluctant to engage in theological dialogue over the primacy of the pope, said the Rev. Stefano Caprio, one of the first priests who arrived in Russia in 1989 to minister to the Catholic community and now is a professor of Russian history and culture at the Pontifical Oriental Institute in Rome.
He said the Russian position has long been: "We're interested in ecumenism only in the sense of collaboration in managing the crises of a Christianity that is attacked in some countries by violent forces ... and above all to unite against global secularization," he said.
He noted, for example, that Friday's meeting doesn't include any joint prayer — purely talks. "It's not an ecumenical encounter," he said.
While a papal trip to Russia is still a long-sought dream, Caprio ruled it out for the foreseeable future.
"It would be a bigger scandal than Pussy Riot," he said.
Immediately following his meeting with Kirill, the pontiff will fly to Mexico for a weeklong tour that will take him once again to uncharted papal territory.
Among his stops will be the crime-plagued Mexico City suburb of Ecatepec, where his visit will shine an uncomfortable spotlight on the government's failure to solve entrenched social ills that plague many parts of Mexico — inequality, rampant gangland killings, extortion, disappearances of women, crooked cops and failed city services.
He will also visit the mainly indigenous southern state of Chiapas, which has the country's highest poverty rate. There he will celebrate a very Indian Mass and present a decree authorizing the use of indigenous languages in liturgy.
Francis will end his trip in the violent northern city of Ciudad Juarez, where he will pray at the border for all who have died trying to cross into the U.S. — a prayer he hopes will resonate north of the border.
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