Pactos

Finalmente Donald Trump se expidió sobre el pacto nuclear firmado a fines de la administración Obama. No lo valida, pero no lo rompe. En fin, esto parece la independencia catalana. La nota que sigue es de Jan Martínez Ahrens para el diario español El País:


Título: Trump se aleja del acuerdo con Irán: “Voy a cerrar un camino que lleva al terror, la violencia y la bomba nuclear”

Subtítulo: El presidente anuncia que no validará el pacto, pero no lo rompe. Su objetivo es ampliar su perímetro punitivo y que se sancione también el programa balístico

Texto: El presidente de Estados Unidos ha dado este viernes una sacudida al tablero internacional. Cada vez más alejado de sus aliados europeos, Donald Trump ha anunciado que no certificará el pacto nuclear con Irán y que deja que sea el Congreso quien decida su futuro, siempre que imponga nuevas limitaciones. La medida, aunque no supone la prometida ruptura del acuerdo, abre una estrategia mucho más agresiva con Teherán y un capítulo incierto para Oriente Próximo. "Cuando más tiempo se ignora una amenaza, mayor se vuelve. Voy a cerrar un camino que lleva al terror, la violencia y el arma nuclear. En cualquier momento puedo acabar con el pacto", afirmó Trump.

El presidente elevó el tono. Frente a la discreción de sus asesores, volcados en minimizar el incendio, Trump trazó un aguafuerte de un “régimen fanático, dictatorial y terrorista”. Un semillero mundial de “destrucción y muerte” que tiene que ser frenado. “Irán nunca tendrá la bomba atómica. Las agresiones no han dejado de incrementarse y es hora de ponerles fin”, zanjó el presidente.

Su rotundidad, que generó un inmediato rechazo de Irán, vino acompañada con el anuncio de nuevas sanciones económicas a la Guardia Revolucionaria y la decisión de no validar el acuerdo. Un paso que, sin reactivar los latigazos económicos al programa nuclear iraní, sí que persigue ampliar la diana contra el régimen de los ayatolás.

El objetivo declarado es que el Congreso añada líneas rojas a Teherán y que, en caso de incumplimiento, se reanuden los castigos. En este nuevo umbral punitivo entrarían el programa balístico, la posibilidad de tener una bomba atómica en menos de un año y la negativa a extender la duración de las restricciones a la producción de combustible nuclear. “Buscamos neutralizar la capacidad de desestabilización del Gobierno de Irán y aminorar su apoyo al terrorismo”, señala un documento de la Casa Blanca.

El giro presagia tormenta. Con Trump han irrumpido en la Casa Blanca los tambores del miedo. Los complejos equilibrios fraguados durante el mandato de Barack Obama han empezado a saltar. No se trata solo de la retirada del acuerdo contra el cambio climático o la frenética escalada nuclear con Corea del Norte. También son las relaciones con Cuba, reducidas a su mínima expresión, y ahora el pacto nuclear con Irán.

En su día, el acuerdo fue saludado como un hito del multilateralismo y el diálogo. Un logro de la diplomacia de Obama equiparable a los acuerdos de Camp David. El texto, sellado en 2015 en Viena, limitaba el programa atómico iraní a cambio del levantamiento de sanciones económicas. Pero su alcance era mucho mayor. Dos enemigos acérrimos, que se habían enfrentado durante 40 años, se daban la mano y decidían concederse un respiro. En una tierra negra de sangre y fuego, el acercamiento de ambos contendientes parecía abrir una puerta a la calma. El acuerdo venía además refrendado por otras cinco potencias (Francia, Rusia, China, Reino Unido y Alemania), con lo que se volvía un modelo para resolver conflictos.

El éxito fue grande, aunque no absoluto. Desde el inicio Israel lo rechazó. No se fiaba de los buenos propósitos de Irán y sostenía que contiene una cláusula de extinción que se activa pasado el decenio y que, por tanto, no pone fin real al desarrollo del arma nuclear.

Por su parte, así comentaba la reacción iraní el medio PressTV, de ese mismo país:


Título: US president’s anti-Iran speech pile of delusional claims: Rouhani

Epígrafe: Iranian President Hassan Rouhani says US President Donald Trump’s speech against the Islamic Republic was nothing more than insults and delirious talk.

Texto: “Mr. Trump’s remarks on Iran…contained nothing but expletives and a pile of delusional allegations against the Iranian nation,” Rouhani said in a televised speech on Friday moments after Trump delivered a speech outlining US strategy on the Islamic Republic.

The US president refused to certify the 2015 international nuclear agreement between Iran and the five permanent members of the UN Security Council and Germany and warned he might ultimately terminate it, in defiance of other world powers and undermining a landmark victory of multilateral diplomacy.

Trump said he would choose not to certify that Tehran is complying with the nuclear deal, known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA).

Trump also said his goal is to ensure Iran would never obtain a nuclear weapon, adding, "We will not continue down a path whose predictable conclusion is more violence, more terror and the very real threat of Iran’s nuclear breakout."

While Trump did not pull Washington out of the nuclear deal, he gave the US Congress 60 days to decide whether to reimpose economic sanctions against Tehran that were lifted under the pact. Reimposing sanctions would put the US at odds with other signatories of the accord such as the UK, France, China, Russia and Germany, as well as the European Union.

Censuring Trump for calling the Persian Gulf the "Arabian Gulf," Rouhani urged the US president to brush up on his world history and geography to improve his comprehension of international obligations and global ethics, etiquette and conventions.

“How [is it possible] that a president has not yet learned the name of the world-renowned and historical Persian Gulf… where unfortunately US warships unnecessarily and repeatedly sail through? He could have at least asked his [country’s] military officials how the name of this gulf is printed on the maps they use,” Rouhani stated.

He further pointed to the history of US antagonism toward Iran, saying, "He has to study history better and more closely and know what they (US officials) have done to the Iranian people over the past sixty-something years and how they have treated the people of Iran during the past 40 years after the victory of the [Islamic] Revolution [in 1979]."

The Iranian president further rejected Trump's demand that the JCPOA be revised, saying the agreement would remain intact and no article or paragraph would be added or taken away from it. 

He added that one president alone cannot abrogate an international deal, saying, “He [Trump] apparently does not know that this is not a bilateral document between Iran and the US for him to act in any way he wishes.”

Rouhani said Iran will only respect its nuclear deal commitments so long as its rights are safeguarded, adding, “Iran will honor its commitments as long as its interests are served.”

He also emphasized that the Islamic Republic has cooperated and would continue its cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency as long as the country’s interests are protected and its rights are preserved.

“However, if one day our interests are not served, we will not hesitate even one moment and will respond,” the Iranian president said.

“The Iranian nation has not yielded to any power and will not do so in the future,” Rouhani said, emphasizing that many countries supported former Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein during the imposed war against Iran in the 1980s but they failed to defeat the Iranians.

Rouhani further pointed to Trump's announcement of sanctions against Iran's Islamic Revolution Guards Corps (IRGC), saying, "The IRGC is a powerful force and the people are always standing by the IRGC."

"Is it the IRGC that is corrupt or governments and armed forces who have always intervened in this region against the independence of nations?"  

Trump also announced sanctions on the IRGC, which he accused of destabilizing the Middle East and threatening American interests in the region.

“I am authorizing the Treasury Department to further sanction the entire Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps for its support for terrorism and to apply sanctions to its officials, agents and affiliates," he claimed.

Iran’s Foreign Ministry said in a statement earlier Friday that the Iranian Armed Forces, including the IRGC, are the symbol of power and defenders of security and are supported by the Iranian government and nation.

The statement, which came a few hours before Trump’s speech, emphasized that Iran’s core policy is to support regional peace and stability and confront any destabilizing and divisive measures aimed at creating tensions and conflicts in the region.

Rouhani further questioned the US motives in expressing concern over Iran's missile program, saying the US is providing arms to "aggressive countries" to target innocent people in the region, including in Yemen.

"Our missiles are for our defense and we have always endeavored for the production of our weapons and we will redouble our efforts from now on and will continue enhancing our defensive [prowess]."