Puede que el tipo
esté loco, puede que sea un genio, puede ser cualquier cosa. Pero algo se
rompió en Europa en estos días, o algo está por romperse pronto. Las
declaraciones del presidente estadounidense Donald Trump en ese continente,
tanto en ocasión de la asamblea anual de la NATO como horas antes de reunirse con la
primera ministra británica Theresa May, rozan lo demencial en términos
diplomáticos. Las dos notas que siguen son del New York Times de hoy:
Título: Trump
Rattles Britain Hours After Unsettling NATO
Texto: President
Trump put his brand of confrontational and disruptive diplomacy on full display
on Thursday, unsettling NATO allies with a blustering performance in Brussels
and then, in a remarkable breach of traditional protocol, publicly undercutting
Prime Minister Theresa May of Britain hours after landing in her country.
NATO, a pillar of
the global order, emerged from its two-day confrontation with Mr. Trump on
Thursday intact but distracted and rattled, a further challenge to the alliance
as it faces an expansionist Russia and growing authoritarianism among some of
its own members.
Wrapping up talks
with fellow leaders of the 29-nation trans-Atlantic alliance, Mr. Trump
reaffirmed support for NATO, but only after stirring more discord with a vague
threat that the United States could go its own way if the allies resisted his
demands for additional military spending, capping a summit meeting punctuated
by his escalating complaints.
He then flew to
Britain, where the newspaper The Sun published an interview that in its
bluntness and criticism of Mrs. May on her own turf all but dispensed with
diplomatic norms.
In the midst of a
week that has seen Mrs. May parrying threats to her hold on power, Mr. Trump
second-guessed her handling of the main issue on her plate: how Britain should
cut its ties to the European Union. He cast doubt on whether he was willing to
negotiate a new trade deal between Britain and the United States and praised
Mrs. May’s Conservative party rival, Boris Johnson, as a potentially great
prime minister.
The interview was
published as Mr. Trump and Mrs. May were wrapping up what appeared to be a
chummy dinner at Blenheim Palace — earlier, they had walked inside holding
hands — and a day ahead of the president’s scheduled meeting with Queen
Elizabeth II at Windsor Castle. There was no immediate response from the
British government.
“Well I think the
deal that she is striking is not what the people voted on,” Mr. Trump said in
the interview, speaking of the approach Mrs. May is taking to Britain’s exit
from the European Union, or Brexit, under which the British economy would
effectively continue to be subject to many European regulations.
Speaking of Mr.
Johnson, who resigned this week as foreign secretary in protest over Mrs. May’s
Brexit strategy and who has long been seen as likely to challenge her for her
job, Mr. Trump said, “Well I am not pitting one against the other. I’m just
saying I think he would be a great prime minister. I think he’s got what it takes
and I think he’s got the right attitude to be a great prime minister.”
The day amounted
to a global disruption tour unlike anything undertaken by any other recent
American leader, and it seemed to be a new twist on the “special relationship”
between Britain and the United States.
Mixing pique,
self-congratulation and a relentless focus on whether the United States is
being taken advantage of by its closest allies, Mr. Trump spent his final hours
at the NATO meeting in Brussels bludgeoning other leaders but got little in the
way of concrete results.
In the latest
example of his penchant for creating conflict to draw attention to his agenda,
he first demanded an emergency meeting to address his grievances and then
called a news conference — something he has not done in the United States in
more than a year — to claim “total credit” for having pressed NATO members into
increasing their military budgets “like they never have before.”
It was a classic
Trump performance — bluster, confrontation and demands followed by a unilateral
declaration of victory — but his claim was quickly dismissed by the leaders of
Italy and France, who disputed that they had made any new pledges for
increasing spending, adding to the sense of disarray.
His willingness
to criticize Mrs. May in her own country only underscored the tensions in his
relations with other allied leaders and his totally unconventional approach to
diplomacy.
But the NATO
summit meeting did produce some substantive accomplishments for those who support
the alliance’s traditional focus on maintaining security against Russia. The
leaders, including Mr. Trump, had signed on to a statement — issued after the
first day of the meeting rather than at its conclusion, reducing the chances
that the president might change his mind about it — that highlighted agreement
on a plan to improve the readiness and mobility of the armed forces across the
Continent and progress on issues like cybersecurity. And they agreed on tough
language aimed at Moscow, especially regarding Russia’s annexation of Crimea.
But with Mr.
Trump scheduled to meet with President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia on Monday —
and with the Trump campaign’s ties to Russia the focus of a wide-ranging
investigation — the gathering of the leaders was dominated not by discussion
over how to address security threats or Mr. Putin’s efforts to divide the West
but by wrangling over money.
Rather than
projecting unity ahead of the Trump-Putin meeting, the gathering generated
nonstop images of division. Intense concern about the corrosive effects of
populism and growing authoritarianism in NATO members like Turkey, Hungary and
Poland on support for post-World War II institutions and policies received
little or no sustained public attention.
In the weeks
before the summit meeting, alliance leaders feared that Mr. Trump would try to
blow everything up, dealing a truly severe blow to the multilateral world order
and to trans-Atlantic deterrence and cohesion.
On Thursday, Mr.
Trump dismissed concerns that his relationship with Russia was too cozy, or
that his hardball tactics at NATO had played into the hands of Mr. Putin, whom
he is to meet in Helsinki, Finland, next week. But after 48 hours of overt
conflict with allies — and the second international summit meeting in two
months where he has sparred openly with European leaders — he said he looked
forward to a positive encounter with the Russian president.
“I hope that
we’re going to be able to get along with Russia; I think that we probably will
be able to,” Mr. Trump said. “We go into that meeting not looking for so much.”
The White House
hastily called the news conference in Brussels amid reports that Mr. Trump had
unleashed a tirade during a closed-door morning meeting against member
countries he complained were still not spending enough on their militaries. Mr.
Trump used the news conference to hail himself, again, as a “stable genius,”
saying he deserved “total credit” for pushing the allies to increase their
military spending by more than previously agreed to.
According to a
person briefed on the meeting, Mr. Trump told other NATO leaders that if their
countries did not meet the 2 percent standard by January, the United States
would go it alone, a comment that some interpreted as a threat to withdraw from
the alliance. (
White House
officials ignored requests to clarify what the president had said or offer any
information on which the allies had responded to his threats with promises of
more military spending.
In the end,
though, he spoke supportively of the alliance, saying: “I believe in NATO. I
think NATO’s a very important — probably the greatest ever done.”
President
Emmanuel Macron of France said, “We are all leaving this summit stronger
because the president of the United States of America reaffirmed his commitment
and his desire to have a strong NATO.”
But the leaders
were clearly taken aback by Mr. Trump’s disruptive posture. They had fair
warning from his confrontational behavior last month at the Group of 7 summit
meeting in Canada, where he called the host, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau,
“Very dishonest and weak” in a Twitter post.
Nevertheless,
they emphasized that in general Mr. Trump was conciliatory in private sessions,
though he was clearly upset by Thursday headlines indicating that he was happy
with the NATO discussion on spending. To express his displeasure, he came late
to the scheduled meetings and insisted on the emergency session on spending.
Mr. Trump wanted
to underline that he was not at all happy with the level of burden-sharing
despite having agreed to the communiqué, and he urged countries lagging behind
to move more quickly, according to a senior official who attended the special
session. Alliance members have pledged to raise military spending to 2 percent
of G.D.P. by 2024.
The discussion
was a healthy one, the official said. It created more urgency and it also
allowed the summit meeting to end with an agreed message on improving spending,
far better than an outcome where Mr. Trump was vocally unhappy and the others
were perceived not to care, he added.
Indeed, Mr. Trump
came away mollified, broadcasting his own sense of triumph, though he had said
the day before that member nations had to reach the 2 percent goal immediately,
and that the target should rise to 4 percent.
“In the end I
think the meeting was less divisive than feared,” said Alexander Vershbow, a
former NATO deputy secretary general. “I think it’s the reality show that the
president loves. There wasn’t enough drama, so Trump has a tantrum, knocks over
the table, and allies are used as props in his reality show.”
That being said,
he added, “NATO goes on.”
The substance of
the meeting, he and others said, is in the communiqué. That document, a product
of nearly a year of work, commits the alliance to a stronger deterrent against
Russia, more efforts on cybersecurity, a strengthening of the alliance’s
southern strategy and a new training program for Iraq, Tunisia and Libya. It
also called for nations to devote at least 20 percent of their growing military
budgets to equipment and modernization.
The United States
pays 22 percent of NATO’s budget, which covers things like offices, salaries
and some equipment used in joint operations. According to the International
Institute for Strategic Studies, of the $603 billion that the United States
spends on the military each year, about $31 billion goes to Europe.
In the end, some
analysts criticized Mr. Trump for fabricating a ruckus that, however much it
might serve his political ends, was harmful to the alliance.
“NATO always had
a good story to tell at this summit, with the communiqué reflecting a robust
and resilient alliance that is making real progress on a range of challenges,”
said Amanda Sloat, a former State Department official now at the Brookings
Institution. “Trump’s belligerent tweets and taunts unfortunately overshadowed
what should have been a straightforward message of success.”
The drama in
Brussels on Thursday was all about Mr. Trump’s desire to make noise for his
political base, Ms. Sloat said. “Some say there was some victory for Trump,
that he achieved what he wanted, but it’s not true,” she said. “There is no
utility in creating all this noise, it’s incredibly divisive.”
It is good to
push for more defense spending, but allies are not like business partners, she
said. “You can’t lambaste Germany one day and then ask them for something else
the next,” she said. “Actions and rhetoric have consequences. Blowing up
summits and projecting disunity doesn’t help credibility.”
Then Mr. Trump
moved on to Britain.
***
Título: Trump
Inserts Himself Into Brexit Debate, Criticizing Theresa May
Epígrafe:
President Trump on Thursday plunged directly into Britain’s politically
explosive debate over leaving the European Union, saying that Prime Minister
Theresa May’s plans to keep close economic ties with the bloc could kill a
possible trade deal with the United States.
Texto: In an
interview with The Sun, Mr. Trump also said that Mrs. May had ignored his
advice on negotiations over Britain’s departure, known as Brexit.
“I would have
done it much differently,” Mr. Trump was quoted as saying. “I actually told
Theresa May how to do it, but she didn’t listen to me.” Instead she went “the
opposite way,” he said, and the results have been “very unfortunate.”
His comments come
ahead of a meeting on Friday with Mrs. May, who had been hoping to use the
presidential visit to underscore the importance of Britain’s relationship with
the United States, one that she hopes deepens after Brexit.
But, in comments
likely to embarrass his host, Mr. Trump said that Boris Johnson, a Brexit
hard-liner who resigned from Mrs. May’s government this week, would make “a
great prime minister.”
Mrs. May has been
making the case for a free trade deal with the United States and argued that
Brexit was an “opportunity” to strengthen trans-Atlantic ties and spur economic
growth both in Britain and in the United States. British officials hoped that
Mr. Trump’s visit would help that process.
Instead the
comments were likely to stoke acute tension within Mrs. May’s Conservative
Party, following the publication on Thursday of the government’s plan for
exiting the bloc, which would keep Britain tied to European Union rules on goods
and agricultural products.
Even before it
was released as a white paper on Thursday, that proposal had prompted the
resignation of three government ministers, including Mr. Johnson, the foreign
secretary who had argued for a cleaner break with the European Union.
Before arriving
in Britain, Mr. Trump had described Mr. Johnson as a friend and said he might
be in contact with him during the presidential visit to Britain, which began on
Thursday and is scheduled to end on Sunday.
Mrs. May’s new
plan is intended to minimize the economic impact of Brexit which could be
severe because the European Union is Britain’s biggest trading partner. But Mr.
Trump appeared to side with pro-Brexit critics who argue that by keeping many
of the European Union’s economic rules, it would inevitably reduce the scope
for a separate trade deal with the United States.
“If they do that,
then their trade deal with the U.S., will probably not be made,” Mr. Trump
said, according to the newspaper.
The comments are
acutely delicate because supporters of Brexit argue that one of the key
advantages of quitting the European Union would be that it would leave Britain
free to strike trade deals around the world.
When he resigned
on Monday as foreign secretary, Mr. Johnson made a fierce attack on Mrs. May’s
strategy for Brexit saying the “dream is dying, suffocated by needless self
doubt.”
In his interview
Mr. Trump struck a highly negative tone about the European Union itself,
arguing that the United States had “enough difficulty” with the bloc.
“We are cracking
down right now on the European Union because they have not treated the United
States fairly on trading,” he said.
But in Britain
Mr. Trump’s intervention is likely to only intensify divisions within Mrs.
May’s Conservative Party over how to proceed with Brexit, amid speculation that
the prime minister could face a leadership challenge.
The White House,
in what appeared to be damage control, quickly sought to counter how Mr.
Trump’s remarks might be perceived.
“The President
likes and respects Prime Minister May very much,” Sarah Huckabee Sanders, Mr.
Trump’s press secretary, said in a statement. “As he said in his interview with
the Sun she ‘is a very good person’ and he ‘never said anything bad about her.’”
The statement
said Mr. Trump “is thankful for the wonderful welcome from the Prime Minister
here in the U.K.”
In recent weeks
British business has been increasingly vocal about the risks of a clean break
with the European Union, with warnings from Jaguar Land Rover and Airbus among
others that they could leave the country, putting thousands out of work.
But hard-line
Brexit supporters have been fiercely critical of Mrs. May’s Brexit plan and
fear that, after negotiations with the European Union, it could be watered down
further.
Mr. Trump’s
favorable comments about Mr. Johnson are therefore likely to be seen as an
implicit criticism of Mrs. May. In his letter of resignation on Monday, Mr.
Johnson said that, under Mrs. May’s proposals, Britain was “truly headed for
the status of colony.”
Mr. Johnson once
described one government Brexit customs plan as “crazy” and, in leaked
comments, also accused Mrs. May’s government of lacking “guts.” He compared her
negotiating style unfavorably with that of Mr. Trump, and he compared her new
Brexit plan to excrement.
In the Sun
interview Mr. Trump also renewed his criticism of Sadiq Khan, the mayor of
London, with whom he has clashed on several occasions, and who gave protesters
permission to launch a giant orange balloon of the president depicted as a baby
in a diaper. “Take a look at the terrorism that is taking place,” Mr. Trump
said. “Look at what is going on in London. I think he has done a very bad job
on terrorism.”
The Sun story
broke just as a lavish black-tie dinner that Ms. May was hosting for Mr. Trump
at Blenheim Palace was breaking up, and guests in formal gowns and tuxedos were
leaving the estate.
Chris Ruddy, the
chairman of Newsmax and a confidant of Mr. Trump who attended the dinner, said
there was no hint of tension between the president and Ms. May during the event
itself, which he called “a lovefest between Britain and the United States.”
“The president
has always been for Brexit full speed, but I’d really like to see the full
interview in context,” Mr. Ruddy said, suggesting that Mr. Trump’s comments may
not have been as direct a broadside against Ms. May as they were portrayed to
be in The Sun. “I went over and chatted directly with the president and the
prime minister, and he indicated to me that the special relationship between
the United States and Britain was better than ever.”
Mr. Ruddy said he
learned of the interview as he was driving away from Blenheim, and British
friends began texting him expressing shock and surprise about what Mr. Trump
was reported to have said.
